Teachers need to follow adult learning principles and students need to have DISCUSSION and problem-solving skills for the use of active learning methods in classroom. We aimed to find out whether MBBS freshers had GROUP DISCUSSION and problemsolving skills. A free GROUP DISCUSSION session for problem-solving using adult learning principles was held during the foundation course for MBBS freshers. The task for GROUP DISCUSSION was to give suggestions to improve the situation indicated by the given general medical professional problem. Qualitative deductive thematic analysis was used to analyze suggestions which could be GROUPed under the themes of seven roles of CanMEDS Physician Competency Framework. The results of deductive thematic analysis of suggestions of student GROUPs are described under seven themes of the roles of the CanMEDS Physician Competency Framework. MBBS freshers showed excellent GROUP DISCUSSION, plenary presentation, and problem-solving skills for the given problem. They also had relevant general knowledge about medical profession. Their problem-oriented thinking skills were facilitated using adult learning principles. It is recommended that the use of GROUP DISCUSSION for problem-solving with facilitation by using adult learning principles should be emphasized in undergraduate medical education to promote the use of active learning methods in classroom.

The present study aims to analyze teaching methods from the perspective of primary school teachers in Qom through The post-positivism approach. This research examines three methods of teaching lecturing, GROUP DISCUSSION, and question and answer using a qualitative analysis survey method. The lecture method should not be left out; it is widely used in teaching different levels of education and in different courses. Therefore, more efforts should be made to increase its efficiency and diversiy, including ways to diversify the speech method using note-taking and binary methods. The method of GROUP DISCUSSION has not been very effective in developing the critical thinking of elementary students, but it has a great impact on the growth of students' self-confidence. The question and answer method in primary school is done as a one-way; teachers ask questions and students give answers and its benefits such as supplementing other methods and understanding and deepening learning are neglected.

Introduction: Dialysis dependence may have negative effects on the self-esteem of patients by changing their mental self-image. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of self-management training program based on GROUP DISCUSSIONs on the self-esteem of adolescents with hemodialysis. Methods: The statistical sample of this quasi-experimental study included 62 adolescents with hemodialysis. The participants were selected using sequential sampling and then were assigned into two GROUPs, namely intervention (32 members) and control (30 members). The Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (CSEI) was filled out by all participant as the pretest. Then, those in the intervention GROUP participated in four 90-minute sessions of GROUP DISCUSSION as a self-management training for 4 weeks. The posttest was conducted one month later. Results: The results showed that compared to the control GROUP, the mean score of self-esteem in the intervention GROUP significantly increased after the implementation of the program (P<0. 001). Conclusions The study findings suggested that self-management training program based on GROUP DISCUSSIONs was effective in increasing the self-esteem of adolescents receiving hemodialysis. Therefore, it is recommended that GROUP DISCUSSIONs should be included in self-management training program for this GROUP of adolescents.

Background and aims: Patients with chronic illnesses such as stroke have different physical and mental problems and need the care and support of their family members. Family caregivers face many different problems and experience burnout during caregiving to their patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of care-oriented GROUP DISCUSSION (GD) on burnout among the caregivers of patients with stroke. Methods: This two-GROUP pretest-posttest quasi-experimental study was conducted in 2019. Participants were forty family caregivers of patients with stroke randomly selected from the neurology and stroke care ward of Sina hospital, Hamadan, Iran. They were randomly allocated to two twenty-person GROUPs. Participants in the control GROUP received routine care services, while participants in the intervention GROUP received routine care services in addition to care-oriented GD in six two-hour sessions. Burnout was assessed before and two weeks after the study intervention and the SPSS program (v. 22. 0) was used to analyze the data through the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, paired-sample t, independent-sample t, and Chi-square tests. Results: GROUPs did not significantly differ from each other respecting the pretest mean scores of burnout and all its dimensions as well as the posttest mean scores of the personal and financial dimensions of burnout (P > 0. 05). However, the posttest mean scores of burnout and its social and emotional dimensions in the intervention GROUP were significantly less than the control GROUP (P < 0. 05). Conclusion: As an effective strategy, care-oriented GD can be used to reduce burnout among the family caregivers of patients with stroke.

The improved model of the Agile Kanban (i-KAM) is developed to enhance the software project monitoring task when employing Agile project management (APM) approach. The i-KAM have been initially verified by 11 knowledge and domain experts. In consequence, it has been reconstructed and enhanced based on the remarks and recommendations provided by the experts. This paper aims to present the final evaluation results of i-KAM achieved from seven software practitioners participated in a FOCUS GROUP. The FOCUS GROUP method was selected because it is an empirical approach used in the evaluation studies conducted in the software engineering (SE) domain. Therefore, this method was employed to obtain the practitioners’ feedback on the proposed model. Results confirm the effectiveness of i-KAM, in which it can assist the project managers and team members in monitoring their projects’ progress effectively. In addition, it is indicated that i-KAM is an applicable model with easy and practical implementation. This study contributes to improve the task of monitoring software development projects within the APM environment. Accordingly, this would systematically facilitate the top managements’ work, and assist in making meaningful decisions regarding to the management of projects’ workflow. Practically, case studies will be carried out in different software development organizations (SDOs) to implement i-KAM in actual projects within real environments.