Background and Aim: Due to the extensive use of knowledge intelligence, the future of countries depend on the application of specialized knowledge-based social networks. Thus, it is noteworthy to highlight the important role of the professionals. The key indicators of a model for knowledge sharing of Iranian EXPERTS, in EXPERTS’ social networks has been identified. Methods: For this purpose, EXPERTS were interviewed in depth using a semi-structured framework in the field of research (n = 15) as well as the Delphi method (n = 9) were used to collect data in research. Results: Findings indicate that the main variable of knowledge sharing behaviors are divided into individual, group, and environmental indexes respectively. Components of the individual dimension of knowledge sharing includes motivation, ethicality, personality, ability, attitude towards knowledge sharing and psychological security. Group dimension of knowledge sharing include shared benefits, group structure and social capital; and finally environmental factors, including technological (beautiful graphics, user-friendly network, server security, the communication infrastructure), political-legal (Funding for R & D for cyberspace area, allocation of financial resources to develop the infrastructure, filtrating, laws relating to intellectual property, bandwidth regulations and laws of cyberspace), economic (The cost of Internet and diversity of online packages) socio-cultural (EXPERTS lifestyle and Iranian national character). Conclusion. We can only come to a comprehensive and theoretical model in the field of knowledge sharing behavior of Iranian users when identify the definitions, concepts, dimensions and components of virtual space based on the conditions prevailing in the country.

Expert opinions have a special place in proving claims because they are used as a counterpart in order to increase the judge's knowledge in identifying a specialized subject. Due to this importance, in preparing expert opinions and creating a unity of procedure, it is necessary to recognize the reasons for differences in presenting expert opinions, and after recognizing them, to take action to eliminate them, which is the mission of this important research. In terms of the purpose of this research, it is applied and in terms of method, it is descriptive-survey. A 26-item questionnaire was formed in the Likert scale. The results were first analyzed using descriptive statistics and then using SPSS software and one-sample t-test. Findings Documentary studies of this study showed that EXPERTS have the most disagreement on the issues of applying Note 3 Article 14 of the Law on Investigation of Violations, speeding intervention in the cause of total accidents, fake accidents and pedestrian accidents. Also, the results of the questionnaire were ranked using Friedman test. Weakness in equipment and technology, weakness in education and weakness in rules and regulations, respectively, are the most important reasons for differences of opinion of EXPERTS. Conclusion In order to achieve the same procedure in providing expert opinions and reducing differences, recognizing the root causes of accidents is inevitable. This will be possible by upgrading effective equipment and technologies in this field, increasing specialized training, and amending existing laws and regulations.

The main purpose of this study was to investigate EXPERTS’ perceptions of barriers to organic farming in Ministry of Agriculture. The population of this survey consisted of the EXPERTS in department of horticultural products, ministry of agriculture in 2008-2009 (N=160). Using Of Kerejcie and Morgan table, 113 EXPERTS were selected through stratified random sampling method. Validity of the instrument was confirmed by a panel of extension and education specialists, horticulture specialists and also organic farming specialists in Jihad-e-Agriculture ministry. The reliability was calculated using Coronbach’s Alpha (0.79 to 0.84).The findings showed that from EXPERTS’ viewpoint, among the three barriers (i.e. economic, cognitive and perception, and information), economic barrier is the most important one. Also, economic barriers have a positive and significant relationship with EXPERTS' perception of organic farming development.

This paper presents the results of Persian handwritten word recognition based on Mixture of EXPERTS technique. In the basic form of ME the problem space is automatically divided into several subspaces for the EXPERTS, and the outputs of EXPERTS are combined by a gating network. In our proposed model, we used Mixture of EXPERTS Multi Layered Perceptrons with Momentum term in the classification Phase. Applying this term makes three effects in our system: a) increase convergence rate, b) obtain the optimum performance in our system, c) and escape from the local minima on the error surface. We produce three different Mixture of EXPERTS structure. Experimental result for proposed method show an error rate reduction of 6.42% compare to the mixture of MLPs EXPERTS. Comparison with some of the most related methods indicates that the proposed model yields excellent recognition rate in handwritten word recognition.

In the past decades, the tendency to use competency-based systems has increased. Correct introduction of the competency framework can help organizations improve the performance of HR systems. This research is designed as a model for designing the competencies of senior tax EXPERTS in the tax administration of Iran. This research is based on an interpretative paradigm, uses a basic strategy, is considered as an exploratory research goal and in terms of the results, is a developmental research, and from the data viewpoint, is a qualitative research. Archival studies, Interviews and questionnaires are used for gathering the required information. Content analysis and qualitative methods of content analysis were used to extract information from the interview data. The statistical population of the research consisted of managers of the department of the organization, thematic EXPERTS, EXPERTS and operational managers of the provinces. Purposive sampling was performed and using the snowball method, 10 people were selected from the statistical population. In designing the model, the process of preliminary planning, conducting interviews and compiling an initial list of competencies, comparing the list with the existing lists and competency models, providing a definition of competency concepts and compiling a compilation list, evaluating and refining the list of competencies by the expert group and, finally, designing the competency model was performed. Finally three areas of functional, behavioural, and contextual competencies with 50 competency concepts in eleven categories were identified and a model of these competencies was presented.

Fisheries EXPERTS have an important role in aquatic production system. Their main function is to guide the clientele and fish producers to make sure they practice sustainable aquaculture with regard to the principles, laws and regulations as determined by the Iranian Fisheries Organization (Shilat).The main purpose of this study was to assess perceptions of fisheries EXPERTS in respect to sustainable aquaculture. The type of study is descriptive – correlative and applied survey method. The population include in 550 officers who employ in headquarters and aquaculture executive sectors. Samples of 226 officers were selected using stratified sampling technique. Validity of the research instrument was done with due attention to the supervisor and advisor comments and collective of aquaculture EXPERTS. A pilot test was conducted by 10 questionnaires and 0.85 was computed as a coefficient of Alpha. The research findings showed that more than 97 % of subjects have positive perception toward sustainable aquaculture, and also the respondents emphatically agreed that: It must be applied proper techniques and technology for site and different conditions through sustainable aquaculture practices, sustainable aquaculture must prohibit aquatic resources and it must have the least of environmental destruction.