To identity the internal causes of underdevelopment in Qajar with special emphasize on modernization theory is research?s purpose. In the mentioned theory stresss is on transition from traditional toward modern socity. Accordingly, there are examined impediments in the way of Qajar direction to modern society. Most impediments is economic sphere are as follows:
1- Agricultural mode of production ic Qajar is based on experiment and self sufficiency in nature (thus it has experienced no serious development).
2- Tenure system is different from is equal in Feudal Eurpe. Therefore Iran has not seen developments that occurred in agricultural economy of western Eurpe.
3- Absolute despotism has shaked property structure (in all its kinds).
4- Agricultural revenues had consumpted in non- productive affairs.
5- industeries of this era were interconnected with agricultural- tribal modes of production, and had experiment/self- sufficient nature, (thus made no development).
6- National/ modern industries have not rooted in this era. (internal despotism and external colonialism are manin factors for this failure).
7- Impossibility ot industrial/ commercial capital accumulation because of Insecurity in private property.
Most important obstacles in culture are:
1- Philosophical thought as dynamic of culture, cultural and scientific development has receded in this era.
2- knowledge and science has no universality and were in monopoly of the court and aristocracy class.
3- educational system has missed its special function, and was not able to develop thinkers acquainted with modern era necessities.
4- Qajar kings had no interest in knowledge and science, therefore there was no tendency for development of science and learnings in iran.
5- modern thinkers who knew modern/ western thought and willing to change the country, have done no serious action in culture sphere (for having no knowledge on necessities of modern world, philosophical foundation of western thought and needs of Iranian society in Qajar).
In political sphere, the most important impediments are:
Internal despotism, as the main obstacle in in this period for Iran.
Political development- public insecurity, prevention the growth of independent.
Civil guiids and class? public political participation, prevention, thought closure, and notables and capital- owners devotion to abroad are symptoms of internal despotism in Iran political underdevelopment.