| Abstract:
The pottery and ceramic objects have an important role in the archaeology and Archaeometry they are the principal alphabet of archaeology in Iran and Middle East, because of the main chronological map in this area is based on the pottery, normally archaeologist finds potteries in their excavation from the Neolithic to the Islamic period and depends on the age of a site they may possibility access to the various kinds, hand-made pottery, unglazed and glazed pottery, etc. Despite the aesthetic values archaeologist use the historic pottery in such actions like dating of the site, recognizing the sources of raw materials, as well as the identification of past technologies (methods of making and decoration, estimate the oxidation or reduction atmospheres when pottery fired in the past, etc. ) On the other hand, many historical potteries are damaged and eventually destroyed by the three most important factors. 1) physical damage (Including: impact damage with mechanical forces and thermal shocks, wear and previous nonstandard reconstruction), 2) decay and superficial crust (Sedimentation and deposition of foreign materials from various sources resulting from the use of, dissolving and insoluble salts, residues during burial, spills of contact materials and absorption and etc. ) 3) Chemical Deterioration (Including: Dissolution and exhaustion of the material from the process like: leaching, hydrolyze and the chemical effect of biological colonization, finally due to the changing appearance and missing parts in the potteries. repair and restoration of damaged pottery works has a long history and the archaeologist believe that this practical work have a same history to create and making the first pottery objects, nevertheless reconstruction of missing parts have variety of method with different materials (such as the reconstruction of cracks and missing parts with gold leaf in far east countries) and different methods like (some rare restorations made by pottery fragments with the same designs and joining them in the original place). However, generally materials and methods for the reconstruction of ancient pottery have not changed much since about 80 years ago around the world and it based on the construction of the missing parts by reversible materials, such as plaster of Paris, in combination with other filler materials and art pigments.
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