Establishment of Communist Party in Iran in Spring 1921 was one of the outcomes of the Russian October (1917) Revolution. The Communist Party of Iran was very active in political and cultural areas until 1931; that is, before passing the law that banned any socialist activities. Unlike the political life of the party that lasted only one year (following Jungle’s Movement defeat), the intellectual and cultural life of the Party continued for nearly eleven years, until 1931. This latter part of the activities of the Communist Party of Iran has been rarely studied and researched. The present paper tries to search on the reasons and factors of the party’s adopting the policy of cultural and syndicate activities and withdrawing from open political activities following the defeat of Jungle Movement.