| Abstract:
Silene genus is belong to Caryophyllaceae Family which has 700 species in the world, 98 species and 14 subspecies in Iran.This investigation, for first has studied stem anatomy and wood analysis of Silene species in Mashhad and and country side. Stem cross and longitudinal sections of 10 species and subspecies from 4 sections (Sclerocalycinae, Auriculatae, Melandriformes, Conoimorpha) were prepared by microtom (12-Micron-thick) and stained by differential staining by differential staining (safranine and fastgreen). Also, maceration was carried out for identification of size and type of vessel, fiber and sclerid. The results showed long simple sclerid, libriform fiber and vessel with simple perforation plate without tail was observed except in S. gertraudiae which this species had vessel with tail. And solitary, Radial chain pore and cluster arrangement of vessel. Also, ornamentation wall, long and diameter vessel, fiber and sclerid was studied. Variety anatomy characters: type of tissue under parenchyma, number of parenchyma layers under epiderm, number of xylem and phloem layers and diameter them, diameter of largest and shortest vessel and long them, Long and diameter of fiber and sclereid, number of vascular bands was used for isolation species.
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