In this article, by introducing different forms of property rights in economic systems and examining the viewpoints on exploitation of natural resources, we try to explain the implications of such views on management of the natural resources. Nearly all economic schools of thought agree (and experience confirms it) that the absence of property rights and lack of control on environment resources can pave the way for depletion of these resources. Historical research on various forms of ownership shows that private or governmental exploitation of the resources have been to some extent successful, but it seems that leaving non-strategic resources to private sector along with an effective monitoring by civil institutions can result in more efficiency. In economic system of Islam, the kind of ownership of natural resources and variety of methods of exploitation leads to a more flexible management of natural resources.