Plant genetic resources are important and valuable for crop imporvment. genetic diversity is the base of plant breeding programs. Iran is rich in genetic resources specially for graminae family .unfortunately using of these resources have not been attended. Regarding to intensive use of Agropyron species, some researches planning to use of these diversity for breeding programs For example transferring some characteristics such as resistance to disease, increasing yield and grain quality from wild species to some crops (Triticum,Hordeum and etc). In this research five Iranian species of Agropyron including: Ag.tauri, Ag. desertorum, Ag. elongatum, Ag. trichophorum and Ag. cristatum were studied and karyotype analysis was conducted during mitosis division. for fixation Farmer, for pretreatmrnt colchicines(0.1 gr/lit) and staining was conducted by Feulgen for Mitosis division and Carmin for Meiosis. The results showed that two species are tetrapoloid (2n=28), two octapoloid (2n=56), and one is decapoloid (2n=70). The survey evoulation path, by symertical coefficient for every species was calculated and indicated that elongatum species is more modern.