| Abstract:
The difference between modem Persian literature and classical Persian literature can be traced from new concepts that entered in modem Persian literature. Concepts and ideas such as modernity, nationality and nationalism, women and their primary rights, modem education, struggle against superstition, right beliefs and freedom. The writer of this article attempts to prove that freedom and democracy in the poetry of constitutionalists, which is synonymous to Western freedom and democracy, has no considerable place comparing to other concepts ill the literature of this era.
The frequency of the concept of freedom that is expressed by the poets of this period in the few lines of their poetry is not only less but also is in many cases different with the principles of democracy. Freedom proves not to be the main concern of the poets and poetry of this period and it is seldom found in the poetry of Farrokhi Yazdi who is considered as the greatest freedom-loving poet of this era. His poetry lacks that concept of freedom we find in the west.
Furthermore, there are great differences in the concept of freedom among poets like Farrokhi, Lahooti and Eshghi Comparing to that of Malek Al- Sho'araaye Bahaar and 'Aref Ghazvini. Although the concept of freedom that is synonymous to the freedom of speech, writing and thought is seen in the poetry of this era, it is only Bahaar who uses the word and the concept of freedom as we find in western concept, and other poets of the era use it differently.
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