Introduction: Purpose of present study was to investigating the individual, family, school, and peers risk and protective factors related to smoking in Tehran sity’s smoker students (SS) and nonsmoker students (NSS).
Method: "Adolescents Substance Use Prevention Scale" was administered upon 698 high schools 14-19 aged students, who were selected based on the multistage cluster sampling. The collected data was analyzed by chi-square and MANOVA.
Results: Research findings indicate impulse control, acting out of anger, intra-inter emotional intelligence, desire and curiosity to try new substance, and secure attachment to father and mother, family member's smoking, family structure and maternal employment, and attitudes to school, academic status of students during the last 12 month, academic status of friends, friends’ attitude to substance, inhibitive behavior of friends toward smoking and substance, and friends cigarette smoking in SS were higher than NSS.
Conclusion: According to the results of this study can be said that prevention programs should enhance parental awareness, giving awareness to the Children how to choose and communicate with their friends, and the monitoring their friendship.