Soffeh
Year:2011 | Volume:20 | Issue:51|Papers Count:8

‘Baq Takht’, a garden with nearly a thousand years history was very majestic in the mid Qajar era. This royal garden was like a kingdom throne overlooking the city. The three ‘Baq Estakhr’, ’Baq Motabbaq; and ‘Baq Khalvat’ were like its introduction, center, and end. From one point, ‘Baq Khalvat’ was the most prominent part and on the other hand, the three parts of the garden were rivals. ‘Baq Takht’ similar to the continuous Persian gardens, illustrated the concept of “a world within a world” however, its three parts were coherent. The alcove, which rested between the ‘Baq Khalvat’ and ‘Baq Motabbaq’, oversaw everywhere and in combination with the ‘Baq Motabbaq’ appeared to be a large and terraced building that owned the context.Its double faced Iwan seemed to be the microcosm of the whole garden. The seven terraces of ‘Baq Motabbaq’ was the seven ‘Khans’ bearing great meanings and guided one to up and down, and left and right to experience unique diverse views. The Pavilions displayed a different variation of views and garden profiles. The refinement of ‘Baq Motabbaq’ with different elements was in connection with the general idea. ‘Baq Motabbaq’ in conjunction with the other two parts of the garden, bears many lessons in architectural and open space design.

AIi-Qapu was not built in one building phase. Evidence of the buildings development process is evident in different parts of the palace and Is MEOs (lstituto Italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente) post 1964 studies confirm this point. However, these studies rejected the existence of a primary core before the reign of Shah Abbas. Apparently the results of chronological studies of the palace and the primary core of the Court house (Dulat-khana), have neglected the archaeological evidence and historical documentations. According to historical reports before the reign of Shah Abbas and possibly from the time of Shah Esma’il ll, a building existed at the current location of AIi-Qapu and the present building is an expansion of this initial core. This building is one of the first constructions on the Naqshe-Jahan Square Plan and an indication of the history of the idea to transform the capital to Isfahan.

What we identify today as function is a result of theoretical definitions in opinions and theories of architects and architectural historians, particularly in the 20th century.Contemplating the essence of the concept of function and understanding its true meaning requires a study of its meaning in the ideas of that have had a major part in the evolution of fundamental concepts of architectural theorizing. This article is an attempt to review and define the meaning of the concept of function in the thoughts of Louis Kahn by studying his ideas in architecture.This article consists of two main sections; in the first section, the thoughts of Louis Kahn in architecture are studied. In addition, based on the fundamental terms and expressions used by Louis Kahn and by studying his theoretical views, the philosophical basis of his thoughts in architecture is interpreted. The second section, based on his thoughts in architecture, tries to interpret and define the concept of function. This study provides a theoretical context for the fundamental study of the concept of function in regards to architecture.

A growth in the number of students and therefore graduates in Architectural Engineering degree in comparison to the previous decades and other academic courses has created an abnormal situation in the country, which can lead to problems in the different aspects of education, higher education and more importantly the employment of these graduates in the near future. A statistical study shows that the situation is very alarming. Poor job opportunities cause the desire for higher education which itself has created a crisis. The adverse effects of this phenomenon on construction in the country can be reduced by controlling the growing flow of academic admission and changing the work conditions that is dependent on rapid and effective actions in this area.

The state of construction design has a significant impact on increasing the building value and employers try increasing the building value by improving the design. An Employer has two methods to achieve this. The first method is selecting a qualified designing consultant and handing over the design responsibilities and the second method is generating various design alternatives through methods such as Value Engineering. In the second method, considering the specific needs of the employer.and focusing on value and group thinking allows the production of better design alternatives. Meanwhile because of the various design suggestions, it requires defining criteriato evaluate these alternatives. The Following criteria were obtained through library studies and interviews with architecture and civil university lecturers: Saving energy, Accessibility, Complying with the employers wishes, Plan Efficiency, Stability, Safety, Beauty, Human Function, Developability, Feasibility, Initial cost, Lifecycle cost, Environment, and Optimal use of land. In the end, the results of a Value Engineering workshop in a sample project are stated.

During the llkhanid dynasty (llkhanate), many baths (hammams) were built in Tabriz but the existing old baths (hammams) in Tabriz date back to the Qajar era and after, which is after the destructive earthquake of 1194 AH. After the 1194 A Hearthquake, Najaf-Ali Khan Donboli the ruler of Tabriz, built a new wall around the city and possibly baths (hammams). About 100 years after that in 1297AH, one of the most credible city maps of Tabriz, the Dar-ol-Saltaneh map was drawn. This map may be the most complete map drawn of the city of Tabriz until the end of the Qajar era and therefore is a credible document for studying the city in this period and locating the old baths (hammams) which mostly date back to this period. In this article by employing the Dar-ol-Saltaneh map and field studies in the city, an extensive list of baths (hammams) in Tabriz and their current condition isobtained.

In the present article, principles of sustainability in residential complexes; e.g. justice, aesthetic, convenience and comfort, security, child development, social identity; are studied from a social perspective. For this purpose, social sustainability of residential complexes from the perspective of Iranian experts and specialists is studied to determine the effective factors on the principles of sustainability in residential complexes. This has concluded to the following factors: comfort inside the house (physical), playfulness of multifunctional and open spaces for kids, social identity, and social order.

The modern information and communication technology is entering the human societies. Studies have shown that ICT affects all fields of the urban environment in a way that Information technology has been considered an urban infrastructure that is effective in facilitating the information transport.Consequently, the effect of information technology should be studied at different Scales and levels. New technology can affect the current or future development of Cities and regions in different ways and forms, so information and communication technology serves as a means for increasing the efficiency of urban designs and environments and supporting internal and external communications. The emergence of new information and communication technology has had different effects in the various fields of human life. By collecting the ways new technology affects the different layers of the city, a suitable procedure for the Iranian city can be achieved.