Daneshvar Medicine: Basic and Clinical Research Journal
Year:2001 | Volume:8 | Issue:35|Papers Count:12

The present research is a quasi -experimental study conducted to measure the effect of group. discussion on smoking habits of male high school students of Rafsanjan city &: the rate of ciggarette smoking -amongst them.Based on the subjective of the study, seventy students were randomly selected as the case and control groups for a period of 2 months. Then the two groups were matched with each other.With regard to all of the variables, it was proved that the two groups are the same, and the statistical analysis did not show significant differences between them. Before the intervention, knowledge, attitude, practice, ciggarette smoking rate, and also Hgb, Hct, and RBC of their blood were measured. Then intervention was made on the case group for a period of tow months. After the intervention, the above-mentioned data were collected again and the blood factors were remeasured.Statistical tests indicated that there is a significant difference between the mentioned data and factors, before and after the intervention (P<0.05). Results of the present study showed that group discussion program affected knowledge, attitude and practice of students towards smoking. Furthermore, group discussion program had effects on the rat of ciggarette smoking and as a result on the rate of blood factors.So the results of the study proved .research hypothesis. According to the results, it is recommended that group discussion program. could be used in decreasing the rate of ciggarette smoking in adolescents

Normal delivery is the usual way of childbirth process (labour) but upon the need, sometimes it is performed by using forceps or cesarean sectioning. Although unnatural ways of delivery like using forceps and cesarean sectioning usually rescue mother & child life bu these methods of child delivery are not completely safe. On the one hand, forceps delivery and cesarean sectioning may be dangerous both to mother and baby. On the other hand, these kins of delivery are expensive and increase medical expenses.The present study have been done simultaneously on 6400 cases of delivery during 15 nights and days in all of Tehran hospitals. In this study the authors have evaluated the prevalence and reasons of use of vacuum delivery, cesarean sectioning, and forceps delivery.Meanwhile, they have tried to determine the demographic factors which have effects on these methods of delivery At the end, the data analysis of the study showed that the rate of normal delivery is 70.8%, the rate of cesarean sectioning 25. 7%, and finally the rate of forceps or vacuum delivery was 3.6%.The results of the study show that there is a meaningful and significant correlation between the kind of delivery and mother’s job, her place of life, age ethnicity, her level of education, and the class of hospital

Sixteen healthy native dogs aged about 2, with average body weight of 18.5 kg, of both sexes were divided randomly into four groups. Blood samples were collected for laboratory examination. before infection of the venom. In the control group, 1 ml of saline solution was injected to each dog of the group; the amounts of equal to 0.1, 0.05 and 0.01 mg of venom powder per kg of body weight were dissolved in 1 ml saline solution and injected interadermaly in the abdominal region or hind limb of each dog in the second, third and fourth groups respectively. Blood samples were collected at different time intervals (5,13,30,60,90 minutes and 2,3,6 and 24 hours) after the injection of venom and laboratory examinations (Glucose, AST, ALT, ALP, CK, LDH, BUN, Creating and BUN/Creatinin) were done on the serum samples and finally the results were .analyzed by statistical methods. The results of the analysis showed a significant increase in the amounts of the glucose, AST, ALT, ALP, CK after the injection of the serum. (P< 0.05). Results of the study indicated that biochemical changes of serum in dogs lead to hepatocellular degeneration and necrosis, homeostasis, cardiac and pulmonary infarction, and pancreatitis. The fin dingy of the present study suggest that there may exist hepatotoxic and cardio toxic factor/factors in the venom of this type of scorpion.

Nowadays, mammography is the Only existing method for screening breast cancer. Besides diagnostic limitations of mammography, this procedure may increase cancer risk in predisposed individuals -duello their exposure to ionizing radiation. Structural changes in chromosomes can activate oncogenes and deactivate tumor suppressor genes and therefore constitute an important mechanism for inducing cancer. The extent of chromosomal damages induced. by ionizing radiation constitutes a criterion to evaluate radio sensitivity and predisposition to cancer. In order to estimate this radio sensitivity, cytogenesis response of lymphocytes from 30 breast cancer patients before radiotherapy and chemotherapy to 3 Gray gamma-irradiation was compared with 30 healthy individuals. The assessment was peformed using micronuclei assay, a reliable method to examine cytogenetic effects of physico-chemical agents.Lymphocytes were stimulated with a mitogen 6 hour after irradiation.Cytochalasin-B was added 24 hours after the stimulation to inhibit the cytokines is of ymphocytes and in the 90th hour cells were harvested. Micronuclei count per 1000 binuclear lymphocytes showed that. the average number of spontaneous and co/Tested micronuclei (after irradiation and subtraction of .spontaneous micronuclei) was higher in breast cancer patients than control group (P<0.001). Considering the values higher than "Mean + 2SD" in control group, 33 percent of patients and 3 percent of control group have shown high radio sensitivity. Regarding the low incidence of mutation in highly penetrant genes ATM and BRCA1/2, a large number of patients with breast cancer may carry low penetrating genes that increase susceptibility to breast cancer. Cytogenetic studies may be used in future to screen individuals with risk of contracting breast cancer and to protect predisposed individuals from it.

This project is a cross-sectional study in which the prevalence of pneumoconiosis amongst coal mines workers of Kerman Province & also the density of dust & coal powder in the mines of pabdana, Hamkar, Sarapardeh, Babnizoo, & Hejdak have been analysed. BY the way, the role & the rate of observing safety Plinciples in the prevention of the disease are the other aspects of the present study. In this research, 1000 workers were selected through stratified random sampling method (on the bam of work experience and place of work). To identify the workers suffering from pneumoconiosis, the medical records of the employed workers were used. Amongst these medical records, there were chest radiography of them too. The basis of diagnosis .was the history of contact with dust & coal powder & radiographic changes. The final diagnosis -was made by an internist & a radiologist. Regarding the observation of safety principles, the mentioned workers were interviewed. In addition, the rate of dust and coal powder of the mines were measured & recorded by tondeloscope once in a week &for a period of one year. For each mine, the mean rate of dust was calculated for a period of one year. In analysing the data, the authors made use of descriptive statistics, chi-squaring test, &Pearson correlation coefficient. The results showed that 21.8% of the workers were suffering from pneumoconiosis. From the viewpoint of observing safety principles, 18.4% of the workers believed tnat the ventilation of their place of work was week & improper, 55% described the condition mediocre, & only 26.6% of them believed that the conditions were excellent &favorable. The rate of the workers who always made use of mask was 75.6%.25.8% qf them used to change their mask filter once in every fifteen days, &finally 74.2% of the workers were used to change their filters after more than fifteen days. According to the findings, there was a meaningful relationship between the affliction to the disease, the use of mask, & the theme of changing mask filter (P < 0.05, P< 0.01% respectively). In better words, it was proved that the prevalence of disease amongst the workers who used mask regularly& changed is filter every fifteen days was lesser. Measurement of dust & coal powder of the mines showed that the rate of dust in sarapardeh mine is the least (1.17mg/m3). In Hamkar mine, the most rate of dust was observed (669mg/m3). With a view to this fact that the prevalence of the disease amongst the coal miners of our country is high in comparison with those of most of other countries,& also since the rate of dust & coal powder in Iran mines are many times more than the standard rate, &finally due to the nonobservance of workplace safety principles, the workers of these mines are seriously at the risk of early affliction to pneumoconiosis. According to the findings of the present study, taking necessary actions to standardize work place more & more, & also observance of safety principles are the instances which require great attention.

Pediculosis is a common disease which affects all age groups and has a worldwide distribution. This disease has close relationships with the socioeconomic and cultural conditions of societies. These two factors play a great role in its spreading. The disease which is under the influence of above-mentioned instances, could be controlled by observing hygienic points. Pediculosis capitis is due to infestation by head louse and their infestation to head. This cross-sectional and descriptive study was designed to determine the prevalence of pediculosis capitis among 200 families of Afghan immigrants in Bardsir camping place near Kerman city. In the present study, 1680 Afghan immigrants were examined in Autumn 1998. They were from different age groups - from below 10 years old up to 60 years. The mean of their age was 19.8 years; 40% of them were male and 60% were female. Prevalence of the disease was 31.6% (39.8% in women and 18.7% in men); and the highest rate of prevalence was observed in the age group which had less than 10 years old (53.2%). The most affected scalp regions were post auricular (38.8%) and then occipital (26.1%) regions. It was observed that there is a significant statistical relationship between infection and educational level, dimension of family (number of family members; or in better words, its over crowdedness), and use of common comb (P<0.05). So it is obvious that observing personal hygienic, learning about ways of infection and methods of prevention, and finally providing suitable hygienic living places for them could be important in decreasing the infection and its prevalence.

In order to evaluate bone induction and repair in cranial bone defects by the use of Octacalcium Phosphate (OCP), the authors used 40 young male Sprague Dawley rats (5-6 weeks age) The OCP was which they made use of it in the present study was prepared by a method, namely legeraus method. A defect with 5mm diameter was produced in parietal bones and then 5mg OCP was implanted in the place of the defect. On the 5th 7th 14th and st days after the operation, the specimens were taken out of the defect.After processing the tissues by routine procedures, the authors prepared 5 micron sections of the samples, stained them with H&E and finally studied the sections by light microscope. On the 5th day, they noticed inflammatory cells around the implanted OCP. On the 7th day after the operation, osteogenesis was initiated from the margin of the defect. And finally on the 14th day and the days after, in addition to bone formation from the margins towards the centre, they observed more oppositions of new bones locally around the OCP particles. At the end of 21st day, almost all of the OCP particles were absorbed and bone trabeculae, marrow cavities, bone marrow tissues were appeared. As the findings show OCP could stimulate bone induction and new bone formation in bone defects, so it seems that OCP could be used in the repair of cranial bone defects.

In a descriptive study, 206 patients were sampled from 5 university hospitals in 5 different geographic areas of Tehran. After interviewing with the patients, a questionnaire was filled for each one of them.The average age of the patients was 53 years, the average time of recent hospitalization was 5.1 days and also the average time of disease diagnosis was about and 4.9 years.65% of the patients had no information about the exact diagnosis of the physician and the reason of their recent hospitalization; 159 of them believed that the main reason of their illness was stress or in better words, stress was the main risk factor for Ischemic Heart Disease (I.HD.); and finally 30% of the group said that stress was the only risk factor for I.H.D.In this study, it was also found that the mean knowledge of patients on smoking risk factor was 95%, and acceptable, the mean knowledge of physical inactivity was 70%, which in relatively acceptable and the mean knowledge of family history was 54 %, and hypertension was 44 %, and hyperlipidemia 40% and hyperglycemia was 35% which were slight and unacceptable. The overall knowledge of all risk factors, was 64%, that wa5 unacceptable

Health status is of ten measured in epidemiologic studies on an ordinal scale, but data of this type are generally reduced for analysis to a single dichotomy. In epidemiological studies of coronary heart disease (CHD) it is usual either to analysis angina and myocardial infarction(MI) cases totally separate, or to pool them into a single analysis.The proportional odds model (POM) is used to explore and contrast CHD risk factors in middle-aged (old) men and women in Tehran. This model makes full use of information in ordinal response data. The POM keeps, angina pectoris angina and MI classification separate within a single analysis. The grade of CHD used are no disease, angina pectoris and MI. Separate models are deemed necessary for the two sexes, since some of the risk factors act differently for men and women. The significant risk factors for men are: diabet, employment status, daily walking, and age. In women, BMI, education, blood pressure and saturated fatty acids are risk factors.In each group the proportional odds assumption appears to be satisfied reasonably well.

Bordetella Pertusis, the bacteria which produces whooping cough, is an organism that demonstrates a variety of neutrophil inhibiting effect. Dual infections with pertusis and other agent (viral and bacteria), suggests the immunosuppressive effects of B. pertusis. Animal studies have shown the inhibition of chemo tactic activity of PMN by pertusis toxin.hemi luminescence is an indirect measure of activated oxygen metabolites related to the neutrophil oxidative burst including super oxide anion, hydroxyl radical and single oxygen.uter membrane protein was isolated from Bordetella pertusis Tohama 1. Mild enzymatic extraction with nonionic detergent was used to minimize configurationally changes to protein during isolation. With this process intact semi purified OMP were obtained. Outer membrane complex was analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Coomasie blue and silver stain method.emale Balb/C mice (4-6 weeks old) were immunized interaperitonealy with OMC, OMP and killed whole cell with or without alhydrogel. One to four weeb after final immunization, the animal were killed and sterile peritoneal neutrophil harvested with heparin zed HBSS and luminal enhanced chemiluminescence’s was determined.uminol-enhanced Chemiluminescence’s of neutrophiles from animal immunized with OMC and OMP was significantly greater than (10 fold) neutrophils of animal immunized with whole killed bacteria

Background: Family planning programmers in Iran barefaced with the limitation of resources; there is also a desire to achieve a high contraceptive prevalence. At the same time, the cost-effectiveness of alternative contraceptive methods has been questioned.Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the cost-effectiveness of 7 contraceptive methods from the providers" perspective and based on the cost per adjusted couple-years of protection (ACYP).Methods &Materials: For each method, ACYPs were calculated based on region specific conversion factors. More than 47800 ACYP were provided during 12 monthly of study.Results: IUD and implant of fered the highest and lowest ACYP, respectively. Condom was the single most expensive contraceptive method. Vasectomy was the most cost-effective method ($ 10.4 per ACYP) and implant provided the highest cost per ACYP ($ 82.8) which was mostly due to its low service delivery volume.Coclusion: The most attractive incremental cost-effectiveness ratio way attributed to vasectomy. Considering the underutilization of resources and low prevalence of long-acting methois, we recommend a marked change in use patterns by channeling clients into long-acting methods such as vasectomy and implant

The main purpose of the persent study is to consider the effects of the health education program- on the knowledge, attitude and practices of male barbers regarding the prevention of Hepatitis B in the city of Ardebil, located in northern part of Iran.This is a semi-experimental study that was performed on 45 male barbers as the case group versus 45 male barbers as the control group. A simple random sampling strategy was conducted to select members of study groups (90 out of 400) from among Ardebilian male barbers. The data was collected through a structured questionnaire. In order to control the practice of the under instruction groups, checklists were used prior to the instruction and after it. After the pretest, educational needs of the case group were assessed and then educational program was designed and conducted for the case group barbers. The scheduled instructions for the case group were presented through lectures together with questioning and replying method which lasted over two sessions. Also it was provided a face to face educational program for each barber over an average of four sessions. As well as, an educational booklet was presented. A post education test was conducted to measure the knowledge and attitude of the groups two months after the completion of the instructions. Three months later their practices were measured by an another post-test. Then the scores of case group’s KA.P. about Hepatitis B were compared with that of the control group which received no ,special instructions.The results of the study are as follows: We found no significant correlation and relationship between demographic variables & mean scores of barbers KA.P. both in pre-test and post-test, except the level of their literacy which affectsK.A.P. as indicated by pre-test: P=0.01, d.f.=3; P=0.001, d-f =3; & P=0.045, d-f =3. It was found a significant difference in mean scores for KA.P. from pre-test to post-test in the case group (P=0.001,P=0.01) a5 opposed to the control group (P> 0.05). The study shows that the health education program has significant effects on KA.P. of male barbers in the prevention of Hepatitis B.