An Investigation of Factors Influencing Women Spectators’ Presence in Football Stadiums

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AHMADI FATEMEH; Boroumand Mohammad Reza; Ramzaninejad Rahim

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Paper Information

Journal: Sport Physiology and Management Investigations Year:2020 | Volume:12 | Issue:1 Page(s): 121-135

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Title

An Investigation of Factors Influencing Women Spectators’ Presence in Football Stadiums

Author(s)

AHMADI FATEMEH | Boroumand Mohammad Reza | Ramzaninejad Rahim | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

Culture of spectatorsQ1

football stadiumsQ1

security of stadiumsQ1

women spectatorsQ1

Abstract

The issue of women attending sport stadiums has long been discussed by experts and government authorities and has not reached a specific conclusion. Hence, the present study aimed to investigate those factors influencing women spectators’ presence in football stadiums. The research population consisted of male spectators who had only experienced to attend men's competitions, as well as women who had only attended the women's competitions. As the number of population was not obvious, 224 subjects (women=114, men=110) were selected by convenience sampling method who had attended stadiums at least 5 times. A 5-point Likert scale researcher-made questionnaire (20 items) was used to collect data. The validity and reliability were confirmed by university professors (r=0. 81). Data were analyzed by exploratory factor analysis with orthogonal rotation, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Friedman test and Binomial test at P≤ 0. 05. The results showed that the factors affecting the presence of women spectators were ranked by their means in 4 factors: managerial (2. 69), security (2. 63), cultural (2. 47), and social (2. 22); the priority of these factors was also significant. Accordingly, from the viewpoints of men and women, the development of sports in the family was the most important item affecting the presence of women spectators. Therefore, it is possible to gradually develop the presence of women spectators in football stadiums by developing the culture through family participation in line with Iranian cultural values and security measures.

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APA: Copy

AHMADI, FATEMEH, Boroumand, Mohammad Reza, & Ramzaninejad, Rahim. (2020). An Investigation of Factors Influencing Women Spectators’ Presence in Football Stadiums. SPORT PHYSIOLOGY & MANAGEMENT INVESTIGATIONS, 12(1 ), 121-135. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/222221/en

Vancouver: Copy

AHMADI FATEMEH, Boroumand Mohammad Reza, Ramzaninejad Rahim. An Investigation of Factors Influencing Women Spectators’ Presence in Football Stadiums. SPORT PHYSIOLOGY & MANAGEMENT INVESTIGATIONS[Internet]. 2020;12(1 ):121-135. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/222221/en

IEEE: Copy

FATEMEH AHMADI, Mohammad Reza Boroumand, and Rahim Ramzaninejad, “An Investigation of Factors Influencing Women Spectators’ Presence in Football Stadiums,” SPORT PHYSIOLOGY & MANAGEMENT INVESTIGATIONS, vol. 12, no. 1 , pp. 121–135, 2020, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/222221/en

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